Pervez Musharraf’s reaction to India’s Operation Parakram in 2001–2002 was firm and defiant, shaped by his belief in deterrence and strategic balance rather than submission under pressure. As India massed hundreds of thousands of troops along the border after the Indian Parliament attack, Musharraf refused to concede to Indian demands or appear weak, instead ordering full Pakistani military mobilization while pairing it with calibrated diplomacy. His stance signaled that Pakistan would not be co

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