This diagram illustrates the working mechanism of a four-cylinder internal combustion engine. The crankshaft converts the up-and-down motion of the pistons into rotational energy. The timing chain synchronizes the crankshaft and camshafts to ensure precise valve timing. Intake and exhaust camshafts control the opening and closing of valves through rocker arms, allowing air-fuel mixture to enter and exhaust gases to exit the cylinders. Sensors monitor camshaft and crankshaft positions for accurat