ON U.S. NUCLEAR AIRCRAFT CARRIERS, EVEN TOILETS ARE A LOGISTICAL BATTLE U.S. nuclear-powered aircraft carriers are floating cities — housing over 5,000 sailors, pilots, engineers, and support staff. But when the onboard vacuum-based toilet system malfunctions, even basic necessities can become operational challenges. Carriers operated by the United States Navy rely on complex marine sanitation systems that use pressurized vacuum flush technology. Unlike gravity-based plumbing on land, these syst