This study provides a useful application of computational modelling to examine how people with chronic pain learn under uncertainty, contributing to efforts to link pain with motivational processes.

Abstract: Data valuation, critical for quantifying individual data points’ contributions to model performance, faces challenges in noisy, high-dimensional medical datasets due to inherent feature ...

Explore the binomial tree model's use in option pricing, its workings, and examples. Learn how this model estimates intrinsic ...

Introduction After the WHO prequalified the first vaccine against mpox, we aimed to identify the influence of vaccine ...

Jennifer Simonson is a business journalist with a decade of experience covering entrepreneurship and small business. Drawing on her background as a founder of multiple startups, she writes for Forbes ...

A new study by Shanghai Jiao Tong University and SII Generative AI Research Lab (GAIR) shows that training large language models (LLMs) for complex, autonomous tasks does not require massive datasets.

Introduction: Vaccines capable of effectively inducing mucosal immunity, particularly specific IgA antibodies, represent an ideal strategy for preventing infections and the transmission of pathogens ...

Intrinsically Disordered Proteins (IDPs) challenge traditional structure-function paradigms by existing as dynamic ensembles rather than stable tertiary structures. Capturing these ensembles is ...

Nisha Gopalan is a former Senior Overnight Assignment Editor for Investopedia News. She is an award-winning financial journalist who has worked in London, where she is currently based, and Hong Kong.

As an independent nonprofit, the Internet Archive is fighting for universal access to quality information. We build and maintain all our own systems, but we don’t charge for access, sell user ...