2. Crib Retaining Wall Crib retaining walls are a form of gravity wall. They are constructed of interlocking individual boxes made from timber or pre-cast concrete. Then, the boxes are filled with ...

Reading time: 1 minute Road transportation is an essential network for any country. This article discusses the classification of roads based on many factors, such as materials, locations, and traffic.

Reading time: 1 minute In an era when sustainability has become an important benchmark for forward-thinking buildings, it's inspiring to see how far architecture and design have come in the pursuit of ...

Reading time: 1 minute The construction industry is a complex web of laws, regulations, ethics, and policies that must always be followed. From the health and safety of workers to environmental ...

Reading time: 1 minute The design of a building is not merely an aesthetic concern but is closely tied to the local climate. By understanding the nuances of the climate in their area, architects, ...

4.2 One-Sided Drain Away Panel It is useful for protection against the drainage water in the horizontal direction, such as in rooftop decks, multilevel story gardens, floor slabs, landfill caps, etc.

where: l u: unsupported length of the member r: radius of gyration of its cross section K: constant to reflect end conditions of the column; distance between two inflection points (Alignment chart is ...

Reading time: 1 minute Underpinning is a method for repair and strengthening of building foundations. Underpinning methods, procedures and their applications in strengthening of different types of ...

Reading time: 1 minute Bridge bearings are structural equipment or devices installed between bridge substructure and superstructure to transfer the applied load including earthquake loads; wind loads; ...

Reading time: 1 minute Transparent aluminum or Aluminum Oxynitride (ALON) is an optically transparent aluminum which is a crystalline substance made of aluminate powder alloys. Aluminum being a ...

Step 5: Pump and Filter System for Swimming Pool A filter system and pump, together, are arranged on a large tank, either made of concrete, metal, etc. Before concreting, the plumb lines are provided ...

Reading time: 1 minute Sustainable building materials are becoming increasingly popular as more and more people focus on preserving the environment. As architects, construction workers, and homeowners ...