Background The prevalence of congenital heart defects (CHD) in Down syndrome (DS) varies considerably across studies (from 16% to 84%). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of CHD in people ...

Background While social support is associated with better cognitive health among cancer-free individuals, this relationship is understudied among cancer survivors. We investigated whether overall ...

Background Preterm birth (PTB) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) disproportionately affect women who are Black or Asian. Structural racism produces health inequalities. Identifying latent ...

Public health problems are complex; investigating them requires a framework that both accounts for multiple interactions among individuals and their intermediate and broader environment and also ...

Correspondence to Dr Shanti Narayanasamy, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; shanti.narayanasamy{at}duke.edu Diagnostics for COVID-19 have ...

Correspondence to Dr Ben Armstrong, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; ben.armstrong{at}lshtm.ac.uk Background It is well known that high ambient ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE--To investigate the numbers and characteristics of patients with ophthalmological accidents and emergencies presenting to hospitals. DESIGN--Prospective survey over eight weeks.

Background Education is recognised as a strong determinant of health. Yet there is increasing concern that health in adolescence may also influence educational attainments and future life chances. We ...

Current epidemiological and statistical theory about research methods and how to elicit causation from epidemiological studies is strongly influenced by counterfactual-manipulative thinking. However, ...

2 MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK Correspondence to Dr Laura D Howe, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, ...

2 Department of Psychology, Norwegian Inland University of Applied Sciences, HHS Elverum, Norway Correspondence to Leif W Rydstedt, Department of Psychology, Norwegian Inland University of Applied ...

Introduction The UK Medical Research Council and National Institute for Health Research have funded the ADAPT study (2018–2020), to develop methodological guidance for the adaptation of complex ...