The Grand Chamber of the ECHR, comprising 17 judges, upheld a 2023 ruling by the court’s lower chamber that Semenya was denied a fair and effective hearing by the Swiss Federal Tribunal.

The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) said a Swiss court did not give her a fair trial in an appeals ruling over contested gender testing. Read more at straitstimes.com. Read more at straitstimes.

The application of these rules led Caster Semenya, a dominating 800m female runner, to become ineligible to compete in international athletics competition since 2019 and to initiate a judicial marathon to challenge the rules before the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) in 2019,