3-methyladenine (3-MA) and wortmannin (Wm) also inhibit class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K), but ... is needed for autophagy). The regulation of autophagy is complex and far from understood.

They also discovered that the PI3K complex, an autophagy-related protein, is essential for this formation process. The ...

RAF, PI3K and the RAL guanine exchange factor (RAL ... and NF-κB activation are required for KRAS-induced tumorigenesis. Autophagy counterbalances cellular stress associated with oncogenic ...