The passage to the maxillary sinus region is naturally crooked and cramped. Therefore, the traditional endoscopic and surgical instruments based on the detection and treatment of target lesions have ...

Rigid instruments with limited flexibility utilized in the traditional endoscopic sinus surgery maybe damage the tissue when surgeon operates in the narrow space of nose specific area. Flexible ...

In nasal endoscopic surgery, the narrow nasal cavity restricts the surgical field of view and the manipulation of surgical instruments. Therefore, precise real-time intraoperative navigation, which ...