The agreement is focused more on trade than military issues, but it will bring two countries with a shared desire to challenge the West closer together.

While agreement doesn't specify arms transfers between the two sanctioned countries, Putin offers aid to Tehran's nuclear program as he and Pezeshkian express hope for a Gaza truce

Russia signed a strategic partnership treaty with Iran on Friday that follows similar pacts with China and North Korea. All three countries are adversaries of the United States, and Russia has used its ties with them to help blunt the impact of Western sanctions and boost its war effort in Ukraine.