The battle of Gravelines, which finally shattered the power of the Armada, and drove it in fugitive disarray into the tempestuous seas of the north, was fought on Aug. 8, according to the ...

It was an audacious military plan. A huge fleet of 130 ships with almost 30,000 men on board would sail north from Spain into the English Channel, link up with another 17,000 men in Dunkirk, France… ...

The plan was for the Spanish Navy and its army based in the Netherlands to join forces for a simultaneous assault on England. In 1587 Philip prepared a force of 130 ships, carrying 30,000 men, for ...

With the defeat of the Spanish Armada, England began to emerge as a world power in its own right. The Defeat of the Spanish Armada: How Changing Maritime Tech Changed the World 20 photos.

The Armada was to be commanded by the Marquis of Santa Cruz, the most distinguished officer in the Spanish navy, a weather-beaten old hero who was said never to have lost a battle. But Santa Cruz ...

The attempt by the Spanish Armada to take England was one of the most important events of the early modern period. It deserves the treatment it gets in this volume by Colin Martin and Geoffrey Parker.

In “Armada: The Spanish Enterprise and England’s Deliverance in 1588,” Colin Martin and Geoffrey Parker trace the genesis, fate and legacy of a venture that is remembered as a disaster but ...

Before the Spanish Armada, an even more dangerous invasion loomed.

All the crucial naval battles in the history of Europe except two—the crushing of the Spanish Armada, and Jutland—have been fought on one piece of water. It is not even dignified with the name ...