Corrected: An earlier version of this study incorrectly described the 1998 study by Paul Black and Dylan Wiliam. It is a literature review. If you ask five teachers what formative assessment is, ...

RICHARD J. STIGGINS is widely known as an advocate of classroom assessments in the service of student learning. His long career in testing brought him to that vantage point: He holds a doctorate in ...

Before outlining formative assessment’s undeniable importance, context regarding assessments as a whole is warranted. Oftentimes, schools use different types of assessment to inform instructional ...

When designing formative assessments, instructors need to think about aligning the assessed knowledge and skills, as well the assessment format itself, with desired learning outcomes and with the ...

Formative assessment comprises techniques that are used to monitor student learning and to provide ongoing feedback. The aim of formative assessment is to provide information on student struggles that ...

The accelerated digitization of today’s classroom impacts every aspect of instruction–from attendance to summative assessment and everything in between. As educators have shifted to the hybrid ...

This chapter discusses the relationships between formative and summative assessments—both in the classroom and externally. In addition to teachers, site-and district-level administrators and decision ...

Tests are king in many school systems and other educational environments: they are seen as an efficient way to assess what knowledge students have retained, and how well they do on a level playing ...

Can term-end summative examination as a form of assessment be done away with totally? Not just yet, given the 60 % weightage that it enjoys in the current structure of assessment. However, the ...

What happens when the $1.3 billion state summative assessment market begins to merge with the growing $1.6 billion market for formative assessments? Investors and the education community are closely ...