Gold is one of the resources at the heart of these tensions. West Africa has been a renowned gold mining hub for centuries, dating back to the ancient Ghana empire, which earned its reputation as ...

The north of Africa shares a boundary with Asia. Africa is surrounded by the Indian Ocean in the east, the South Atlantic Ocean in the south-west and the North Atlantic Ocean in the north-west.

Schlichter read a paper on “Ptolemy's Geography of Eastern Equatorial Africa.” Ptolemy, as a geographer, has received very different treatment at different times at the hands of his critics.