Tissue and organ failure, produced as a result of injury or other type of damage, is a major health problem, accounting for about half of the total annual expenditure in health care in the US 1.

The development of artificial grafts that may recapitulate the tissue microarchitecture is one of the most ambitious and complex approaches to understanding molecular mechanisms in an in vitro ...

Traditional-tissue engineering approaches (Panel A) seed cells onto a three-dimensional biomaterial scaffold that serves as a framework for new tissue development (i). The scaffold degrades as new ...