Pipe-flow turbulence is a problem in the transport of oil, water and other fluids, and once established, it is persistent and costly. Turbulent fluids consume greater pumping energy and can cause ...

How much stress do pipes undergo when a liquid flows through them, and how does it depend on the degree of curvature of the pipe? Bends in pipes are different than their straight sections because, in ...

Bypass pipes, accompanied by a three-way control valve, are often seen in hydronic systems at both served loads (e.g., reheat coils) as well as at primary equipment (e.g., cooling towers). Reasons for ...

"The pipe-flow problem has always been one of the most basic and important in the study of fluid mechanics, and in many ways the field was developed to address this problem," explains Ristroph, ...

An experimental facility has been constructed to investigate a fully developed turbulent pipe flow over a large range of Reynolds numbers. In the past many experiments (Nikuradse, 1932; Laufer, 1954 ...

Examining flow measurement technology for modern data center cooling systems to drive resiliency, speed and reliability ...