Innovative technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) are transforming and modernizing the way data is generated, collected, and analyzed across different industries and fields of study. 1 ...

In observational studies, researchers aim to understand relationships between variables without intervening or manipulating the environment. When an observational study is described as retrospective, ...

Existing Data: Nonreactive research often relies on existing data sources, such as historical records, government statistics, ...

Paper-based methods make it difficult to capture, organise, and retrieve useful data. Co-produced digital observations facilitate the collection of richer data, giving clinicians a more holistic and ...