In this review article, we discuss the synthesis and dynamic nature of macromolecular systems that have mechanically linked polymer chains capable of undergoing a topology transformation driven by a ...

Transforming light: illustration of how an arbitrary linear transform can be achieved in an all-optical system using diffractive surfaces (Courtesy: Ozcan Lab/UCLA) Researchers in the US have shown ...

In medical studies, patients' biological parameters are often imprecisely measured due to the measuring mechanism or the biological variability. In the presence of covariate measurement error, ...

The majority of optical/electromagnetic devices have historically been developed according to the following procedure: This conventional ‘material-oriented’ procedure, which is usually the only choice ...