T cell activation—the process by which these key immune defenders recognize threats and mobilize against them—depends on exquisitely timed molecular signals. Now researchers have captured one of the ...

CAR architecture has evolved through four generations. The first relied solely on CD3ζ and lacked potency. Second-generation receptors added either CD28 or 4-1BB costimulation, striking a balance ...

(MEMPHIS, Tenn. – November 6, 2025) The enzyme RNA polymerase II transcribes genes into messenger RNA. This process is guided by modifications to the enzyme’s “tail” called phosphorylation patterns.

Researchers at the Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California (USC) have developed a new type of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell that elicits a more controlled immune response ...