Comprehensive introduction to analysis of continuous and discrete-time signals and systems. Linear time-invariant systems, convolution; Fourier series representations of periodic signals; Continuous ...

Design linear discrete-time systems and filters and analyze their behavior. Represent continuous-time signals and linear systems in discrete time, so that such signals can be recovered in continuous ...

A study of signals and linear systems and their applications in modern engineering. Representation of continuous and discrete time signals and systems in the time and frequency domains. Stability, ...

We shall consider a discrete time version of Vasicek (1977) model with continuous state space. Unlike traditional approaches, we regard that continuous time and states models are approximation to the ...

Researchers demonstrate a novel method for transforming continuous time crystals into discrete ones using subharmonic injection locking, offering new insights into symmetry breaking and control in ...

Physicists have shown that Markov processes, widely used to model complex systems, must unfold over a larger space than previously assumed. Scientists believe that time is continuous, not discrete -- ...

At each sampling time instant, one observes system output and action to form discrete-time rewards. The sampled input-output data are collected along the trajectory of the dynamical system in ...