Most every device and electronic piece of equipment is outfitted with a printed circuit board (PCB), including smartphones, TVs, appliances, and more. You know the composite. The boards are laminated ...

Through-hole assembly means bending leads on components and putting the leads through holes in the circuit board, then soldering them in place, and trimming the wires. That took up too much space and ...

Circuit breakers are used in nearly all electrical systems — from residential dwellings to electric utility facilities. We rely on them to protect our systems from damaging overcurrents and short ...

After the critical circuits, we like to examine the printed-circuit board (PCB) stackup. Like the schematic, board stackup decisions are often made prior to routing and placement, so this is a good ...

For reliability, designers must create flex circuits that are neither too thick nor bend too much. • Every flex circuit has a neutral-bend axis. • Smaller circuit thickness reduces the risk of damage ...

Why are test points a crucial element in developing a successful circuit? Types of test points available, and the different techniques that employ them. Electronic design has always been an endeavor ...