The distinction between analog and digital signals is very simple, but it can still be a challenge to wrap one's mind around the concepts that define the two systems. Just when you think you've got it ...

How analog signal engineering is performed, in broad strokes. What are the component-selection considerations for new designs? What are VFAs and how are they used? Analog signal engineers specialize ...

Many microcontrollers have built-in ADCs (analog-to-digital converters), which means you can use a single device to both digitize analog signals and manipulate the results. Once the ADC digitizes a ...

What differentiates a mixed-signal printed circuit board design from a purely analog board or a purely digital system? What differentiates a mixed-signal printed circuit board design from a purely ...

A great many industrial sensors — flow, level, temperature, pressure, pH, and the list goes on — produce a 4-20 mA output, but today's factories increasingly need digital inputs via standard field ...

Back in the day where the microprocessor was our standard building block, we tended to concentrate on computation and processing of data and not so much on I/O. Simply put there were a lot of things ...

A signal generator, a general-purpose piece of test equipment, performs numerous measurements for a variety of applications requiring electromagnetic wave signals as stimuli. Its roots trace back to ...

Confused by analog-to-digital converter specifications? Here's a primer to help you decipher them and make the right decisions for your project. Although manufacturers use common terms to describe ...

What is pulse width modulation? Pulse width modulation (PWM) is a powerful digital technique for controlling analog circuits with a microprocessor’s digital outputs. PWM is employed in a wide variety ...